Oral health is general health. If the oral cavity is kept healthy, the whole body is always healthy. Bacteria in the oral cavity do not stay in the oral cavity, but rather they travel throughout the body and can induce various diseases. Periodontal pathogens are involved in tooth loss. The number of remaining teeth decreases with age. People with more residual teeth can bite food well and live longer with lower incidence of dementia. There are many viruses in the oral cavity that also cause various diseases. Bacteria and viruses induce and aggravate inflammation, and therefore should be removed from the oral cavity. In the natural world, there are are many as yet undiscovered antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory substances. These natural substances, as well as chemically modified derivatives, help our oral health and lead us to more fulfilling, high quality lives. This Special Issue, entitled “Biological Efficacy of Natural and Chemically Modified Products against Oral Inflammatory Lesions”, was written by specialists from a diverse variety of fields. It serves to provide readers with up-to-date information on incidence rates in each age group, etiology and treatment of stomatitis, and to investigate the application of such treatments as oral care and cosmetic materials.

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"Plasma Applications in Biomedicine" explores the innovative intersection of physics and life sciences, focusing on the use of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) for disease treatment and tissue regeneration. Initially used for material processing, CAPs have evolved to engage intricately with biological tissues, offering novel disinfection and healing capabilities without thermal damage. CAPs are gaining attention in healthcare, especially dermatology and surgery, for their antibacterial properties, ability to treat chronic wounds, and effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA. The medical applications of CAPs fall into the following two categories: direct and indirect treatments, which utilize various plasma devices such as torches, jets, and needles. CAPs produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that modulate biological responses, particularly in hydrated or liquid environments. This Special Issue of Biomedicine compiles cutting-edge research on CAPs and plasma-activated liquids (PALs), highlighting their therapeutic potential across diverse medical fields, including endodontics, wound healing, tissue regeneration, cancer treatment, and antibacterial solutions for bone infections and vaginal health. The featured studies underscore the transformative potential of plasma technology in medicine, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize its therapeutic benefits and understand its mechanisms of action.

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